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1.
Fish Shellfish Immunol ; 116: 61-73, 2021 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34157396

RESUMO

In aquaculture, commercial fish such as red hybrid tilapia are usually raised at high density to boost the production within a short period of time. This overcrowded environment, however, may cause stress to the cultured fish and increase susceptibility to infectious diseases. Antibiotics and chemotherapeutics are used by fish farmers to overcome these challenges, but this may increase the production cost. Studies have reported on the potential of mushroom polysaccharides that can act as immunostimulants to enhance the immune response and disease resistance in fish. In the current study, hot water extract (HWE) from mushroom stalk waste (MSW) was used to formulate fish feed and hence administered to red hybrid tilapia to observe the activation of immune system. Upon 30 days of feeding, the fish were challenged with pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly (I:C)) to mimic bacterial and viral infection, respectively. HWE supplementation promoted better feed utilisation in red hybrid tilapia although it did not increase the body weight gain and specific growth rate compared to the control diet. The innate immunological parameters such as phagocytic activity and respiratory burst activity were significantly higher in HWE-supplemented group than that of the control group following PAMPs challenges. HWE-supplemented diet also resulted in higher mRNA transcription of il1b and tnfa in midgut, spleen and head kidney at 1-day post PAMPs injection. Tlr3 exhibited the highest upregulation in the HWE fed fish injected with poly (I:C). At 3-days post PAMPs injection, both ighm and tcrb expression were upregulated significantly in the spleen and head kidney. Results showed that HWE supplementation enhances the immune responses of red hybrid tilapia and induced a higher serum bactericidal activity against S. agalactiae.


Assuntos
Ciclídeos , Misturas Complexas/farmacologia , Suplementos Nutricionais , Lipopolissacarídeos/farmacologia , Moléculas com Motivos Associados a Patógenos/farmacologia , Pleurotus , Poli I-C/farmacologia , Ração Animal , Animais , Quimera , Ciclídeos/genética , Ciclídeos/imunologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/imunologia , Rim Cefálico/efeitos dos fármacos , Rim Cefálico/imunologia , Temperatura Alta , Imunidade Inata/efeitos dos fármacos , Interleucina-1beta/genética , Leucócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Leucócitos/imunologia , Fagocitose/efeitos dos fármacos , Baço/efeitos dos fármacos , Baço/imunologia , Streptococcus agalactiae/imunologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genética , Resíduos , Água
2.
Fish Physiol Biochem ; 42(4): 1143-55, 2016 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26886132

RESUMO

This study was conducted to investigate the growth performance, biomarkers of oxidative stress, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) as well as the haematological response of African catfish after being fed with fish feed containing different levels of cricket meal. The juvenile fish were assigned to three different treatments with isonitrogenous (35 %) and isoenergetic (19 kJ g(-1)) diets containing 100 % cricket meal (100 % CM), 75 % cricket meal (75 % CM), and 100 % fishmeal (100 % FM) as control groups for 7 weeks. The results indicated that a diet containing 100 % CM and 75 % CM improved growth performance in terms of body weight gain and specific growth rate, when compared to 100 % FM. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) did not differ significantly between all diets, but reduced FCR and increased PER were observed with a higher inclusion of cricket meal. A haematological examination of fish demonstrated no significant difference of red blood cells in all diets and white blood cells showed a significantly higher value in fishmeal-fed fish. On the other hand, haemoglobin and haematocrit significantly increased with increasing amounts of cricket meal in the diet. Antioxidant activity of CAT was higher in the 100 % CM group compared to fish fed other diets, whereas GST and SOD showed increasing trends with a higher incorporation of cricket, although insignificant differences were observed between all diets. These results suggest that cricket meal could be an alternative to fishmeal as a protein source in the African catfish diet.


Assuntos
Peixes-Gato , Dieta , Gryllidae , Animais , Aquicultura/métodos , Catalase/metabolismo , Peixes-Gato/sangue , Peixes-Gato/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Peixes-Gato/metabolismo , Proteínas de Peixes/metabolismo , Glutationa Transferase/metabolismo , Testes Hematológicos , Fígado/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo
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